System Unit, Input & Output and Secondary Storage

Modulation
It is the process of varying one or more properties of a high-frequency periodic waveform, called the with a modulating signal which typically contains information to be transmitted. This is done in a similar fashion to a musician mudulating a tone from a musical instrument by varying its volume, timing and pitch.

Demodulation

Demodulation is the act of extracting the original information-bearing signal from a modulated carrier wave. A demodulator is an electronic circuit that is used to recover the information content from the modulated carrier wave.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth a measure of the width of a range of frequencies, measured in hert. Bandwidth or digital bandwidth: a rate of data transfer, bit rate or throughput, measured in bits per second. Spectral linewidth: the width of an atomic or molecular spectral line, measured in hertz. Bandwidth the width of the non-zero terms around the diagonal of a matrix.

TCP/IP

The TCP/IP model is a description framework for computer network protocols. It evolved from ARPANET, which was the world's first wide area network and a predecessor of the Internet. The TCP/IP Model is sometimes called the Internet Model or the DoD Model. The TCP/IP model, or Internet Protocol Suite, describes a set of general design guidelines and implementations of specific networking protocols to enable computers to communicate over a network.

Node
A node can be a computer or some other device, such as a printer. Every node has a unique network address, sometimes called a Data Link Control (DLC) address or Media Access Control (MAC) address.

Client
A client is an application or system that accesses a remote service on another computer system, known as a server, by way of a network. The term was first applied to devices that were not capable of running their own stand-alone programs, but could interact with remote computers via a network.

Server
Server is a program that operates as a socket listener. The term server is also often generalized to describe a host that is deployed to execute one or more such programs. A server computer is a computer, or series of computers, that link other computers or electronic devices together. They often provide essential services across a network, either to private users inside a large organization or to public users via the internet.



Network Operating Systems
A networking operating system is the software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. The network operating system is designed to allow shared file printer acess among multiple computers in a network, typically a local area network, a private netowork or to other networks.

Network Administrator

A network administrator is a person responsible for the maintenance of computer hardware and software that comprises a computer network. This normally includes deploying, configuring, maintaining and monitoring active network equipment.

Secondary Storage

Disk Caching

Dick caching the small amount of buffer memory present on a hard driver and the cache of disk pages kept by the operating systems, stored in unused main memory. General application-level caching of data stored on the disk.

File Compression

File compression is the practice of packaging a file or files to use less disk space. The File Compression category includes software programs that will archive your files and extract archived files such as ZIP and RAR files.

File Decompression

Many of the files on the Engineering Service Center FTP site are "compressed." To facilitate decompressing these files, we have made many decompression programs available. Every effort is made to ensure that all compression programs have a decompression program available here for Macintosh, Windows, DOS and UNIX based workstations.

Internet Hard Drive

Internet hard drives have served to meet this need, offering a creative new solution to the issue of data storage. The sole purpose of an Internet hard drive is to offer a means of accessing your computer files from any computer, as long as that computer has access to the Internet.

Solid-State Storage

Solid-state storage is a nonvolatile, removable storage medium that employs integrated circuits rather than magnetic or optical media. It is the equivalent of large-capacity, nonvolatile memory.

 

Input and Output

Ergonomic Keyboard
An ergonomic keyboard is a computer keyboard designed with ergonomic to minimize muscle strain and a host of related problems. The keyboards are constructed in V shape to allow right and left hands to type at a slight angle.

Inkjet Printer

Inkjet printer is a type of computer printer that creates a digital images by propelling droplets of ink onto paper. Inkjet printer is the most commonly used type of printer and range from small inexpensive consumer models to very large professional machines.

Laser Printer

Laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. It employ a xerographic printing process, but different from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced by the direct scanning of a laser beam across the printer's photoreceptor.

Magnetic-ink Character Recognition

Magnetic ink character recognition is a character recognition recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. The technology allows computers to read information off printed documents.

Optical-Mark Recognition

Optical Mark Recognition also called Optical Mark Reading and OMR is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.  It devices work with a dedicated scanner device that shines a beam of light onto the form paper.

Optical-Character Recognition

Optical character recognition is the mechanical or electronic translation of scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text. It is widely used to convert books and documents into electronic files, to computerize a record-keeping system in an office, or to publish the text on a website.



System Unit

RAM

Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer date storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order with a worst case performance of constant time. Strictly speaking, modern types of DRAM are therefore not random access, as data is read in bursts although the name DRAM or RAM has stuck.

Cache Memory

A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations. As long as most memory accesses are cached memory locations, the average latency of memory accesses will be closer to the cache latency than to the latency of main memory.

ROM

Pronounced rahm, acronym for read-only memory, computer memory on which data has been prerecorded.  Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read. Most personal computers contain a small amount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer.  ROM are used extensively in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printers, whose fonts are often stored in ROM. 

Flash Memory

Flash memory is a type of memory that does not lose its contents when power is removed. It is used to store information about a computer’s configuration. There are 3 types of unit that a flash drive have. There are Megabyte (MB) which has a capacity of 1 million byte, Gigabyte (GB) which has a capacity of 1 billion byte, and Terabyte (TB) which has a capacity of 1 trillion bytes.

Graphic Card

A graphic card is a display adapter which is installed inside of a computer and works to display images on the monitor. Its job is to display images on the computer's monitor. Information is then communicated from the computer's  CPU (Central Processing Unit) to the graphic card. The information that is transmitted is converted into a picture that the computer's user can understand.

Sound Card

An expansion board that enables a computer to manipulate and output sounds.Typical uses of sound cards include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education and entertainment (games) and video projection. Many computers have sound capabilities built in, while others require additional expansion cards to provide for audio capability.

Network Interface Card

It is also known as network interface controller, network adapter, LAN adapter and it  is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network. It implemented on expansion cards that plug into a computer bus, the low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface built it onto the motherboard.

Plug and Play

In computing, plug and play is a term used to describe the characteristic of a computer bus, or device specification, which facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system, without the need for physical device configuration, or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.

Serial Port

Serial Port is used for a wide variety of purposes. They are often used to connect a mouse, keyboard, modem, and many other devices to the system unit. It send data one bit at a time and are very good for sending information over a long distance.

Parallel Port

A parallel port is a interface that connects an external device such as a printer. It uses the 25 pin connector and is used to connect printers,computers and other devices that need relatively high bandwidth. A parallel port is a port straight away from the main bus system in the computer.

Universal Serial Bus Port

Short for USB, a specification to establish communication between devices and a host controller (usually a personal computer), which supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. It have virtually replaced serial and parallel ports. They are faster, and one USB can be used to connect several devices to the system unit.

Firewire Port

This high-speed interface has become a hot new standard for connecting peripherals. A standard Firewire connection can transfer data at 400 Mbps, which is roughly 30 times faster than USB 1.1. This blazing speed allows for quick transfers of large video files, which is great for video-editing professionals. As long as your computer has PCI slots, you can purchase a PCI Firewire card to add Firewire ports to your computer.

Ethernet Port

An Ethernet port is an opening on computer network equipment that Ethernet cables plug into. These ports are alternatively called jacks or sockets. Ethernet ports accept cables with RJ-45 connectors.Most computers include one built-in Ethernet port for connecting the device to a wired network. A computer's Ethernet port is connected to its internal Ethernet network adapter.

High Definition Multimedia Interface

High Definition Multimedia Interface is a audio connection system and digital video which is used to connect a variety of audio/video (HDTV). It supports all HDTV formats and it supports for up to eight channels of digital audio.

Basic and Specialized Software Application

Graphical User Interface ( GUI )

Graphical User Interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. It represents the information and actions available to a user through graphical icons and visual indicators.

Word Processor

Word Processor is a computer application used for the production of any sort of printable material. It including composition, editing, formatting, and possibly printing. Word processing was one of the earliest applications for the personal computer in office productivity.

Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet is a computer application that simulates a paper, accounting worksheet. It displays multiple cells usually in a two-dimensional matrix or grid consisting of rows and columns. It is frequently used for financial information because of their ability to re-calculate the entire sheet automatically after a change to a single cell is made.

DBMS

Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of a database. It allows organizations to place control of database development in the hands of database administrators and other specialists. It is a system software package that helps the use of integrated collection of data records and files known as databases.

Utility Suites

Utility software is a kind of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. A single pieceof utility software is generally called a utility or tool. It is for users to do things like creating text documents, playing games, listening to music or surfing the web.

Web Authoring

A category of software that enables the user to develop a website in a desktop publishing format . The software will generate the required HTML coding for the layout of the Web pages based on what the user designs.  Typically, the user can toggle back and forth between the graphical design and the HTML code and make changes to the Web page in either the design of the accompanying code.

Audio Editing Software

Audio editing software is a full featured professional audio and music editor for Windows and Mac OS X. It lets you record and edit music, voice and other audio recordings. When editing audio files you can cut, copy and paste parts of recordings then add effects like echo, amplification and noise reduction. WavePad works as awav or mp3 editor but it also supports a number of other file formats including vox, gsm, wma, real audio, au, aif, flac, ogg and more.

Bitmap Image

A bitmap is a type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital images. The term bitmap comes from the computer programming terminology, meaning just a map of bits, a spatially mapped array of bits. Raster images in general may be referred to as bitmaps whether synthetic or photographic, i files or memory.

Desktop Publishing Program

Desktop publishing program combines a personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout software to create publication documents on a computer for either large scale publishing or small scale local multifunction peripheral output and distribution.

HTML Editor

HTML editor is a software application for creating web pages. Although the HTML markup of a web page can be written with any text editor, specialized HTML editors can offer convenience and added functionality.

Image Editor

Image editor is a software that allows images to be edited and also converted to different graphic formats. Image editors typically deal with only bitmapped images such as GIFs, JPEGs and BMPs; however, some editors support both bitmaps and illustrations. Common functions are manually cropping and resizing the image and using ''filters'' to adjust bring brightness, contrast and colors. A myriad of filters are available for special effects.

Multimedia

Multimedia is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. The term is used in contrast to media which only use traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactivity content forms.

Vector Image

Vector Image is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygons, which are all based on mathematical equations, to represent images in computer graphics. There are instances when working with vector tools and formats is the best practice, and instances when working with raster tools and formats is the best practice. 

The Internet, The Web & Electronic Commerce

URL

In computing, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that specifies where an identified resource is available and the mechanism for retrieving it. In popular usage and in many technical documents and verbal discussions it is often incorrectly used as a synonym for URI.

HTML

HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant makeup language for web pages. HTML is the basic building-blocks of webpages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags, enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>), within the web page content. HTML tags normally come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>. 

Javascript
JavaScript, also known as ECMAScript, is a prototype-based, object-oriented scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is also considered a functional programming language like Scheme and OCmal because it has closures and supports higher-order functions.

Applets

Applet is any small application that performs one specific task that runs within the scope of a larger program, often as a plug-in. An applet typically also refers to Java applets, i.e., programs written in the Java programming language that are included in a web page. The word Applet was first used in 1993 by the application AppleScript.

Blogs

A blog is a type of website or part of a website. Blogs are usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. Blog can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.

Wikis

A wiki is a website that allows the creation and editing of any number of interlinked web pages via a web browser using a simplified makeup language or a WYSIWYG text editor. Wikis are typically powered by wiki software and are often used to create collaborative works. Examples include community websites, corporate intranets, knowledge management systems, and note services. The software can also be used for personal note taking.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server. FTP users may authenticate themselves using a clear-text sign-in protocol but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.

Plug-in

A plug-in (or plugin) is a set of software components that adds specific abilities to a larger software application. If supported, plug-ins enable customizing the functionally of an application. For example, plug-ins are commonly ysed in web browsers to play video, scan for viruses, and display new file types. well-known plug-ins examples include Adobe Flash Player and Quick Time.

Filters

In computing, filter(high-order function), a higher-order function that processes a data structure( typically a list) in some order to produce a new data structure for containing exactly those elements of the original data structure for which a given predicate returns the boolean value true.

Internet Security Suite

Internet Security Suite is a suite of utilities for maintaining the security of a software. Examples of internet security suite are antivirus,personal firewall, spam blocker and popup blocker. They offers peace of mind from a growing array of risks that increase rapidly as more PCs become accessible through the internet.